African butterfly cichlids, also known as Anomalochromis thomasi or African leaf fish, are small and colorful freshwater fish native to West Africa, specifically the Niger River basin. They are highly sought after by aquarium enthusiasts for their unique appearance, interesting behavior, and relatively peaceful nature.

African butterfly cichlids have a distinct body shape, characterized by elongated fins and a laterally compressed body. Their coloration can vary depending on their mood and environment. Generally, they have a base coloration of silver or brown with vibrant orange or red markings on their fins and body. These markings resemble butterfly wings, giving them their common name.

In the wild, African butterfly cichlids inhabit slow-moving streams, rivers, and swampy areas with dense vegetation. They are known for their ability to camouflage themselves among the leaves and branches, which helps them ambush their prey and avoid predators. When kept in an aquarium, it is important to provide them with plenty of plants, driftwood, and hiding spots to replicate their natural habitat. They appreciate a well-planted tank with areas of open swimming space.

Behaviorally, African butterfly cichlids are generally peaceful and can be kept in community tanks with other peaceful fish species of similar size. However, they can become territorial during breeding, so it is advisable to provide them with ample space and suitable hiding spots to establish their territories. It is also recommended to keep them in pairs or small groups to prevent aggression.

In terms of feeding, African butterfly cichlids are omnivorous. They have a preference for small invertebrates such as insect larvae and small crustaceans. In an aquarium, they can be fed a varied diet that includes high-quality flakes, pellets, and live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp, bloodworms, and daphnia. Providing a diverse diet will help ensure they receive the necessary nutrients for their overall health and vitality.

Breeding African butterfly cichlids can be achieved in captivity. They are substrate spawners and typically lay their eggs on flat rocks or in crevices. The parents guard and care for the eggs and fry, displaying parental care. It is recommended to provide them with suitable spawning sites and conditions, such as flat rocks or artificial caves. The fry can be fed with newly hatched brine shrimp or crushed flakes until they are large enough to consume larger foods.

In conclusion, African butterfly cichlids are small, peaceful, and visually appealing fish that can make a wonderful addition to a community aquarium. With their unique body shape, colorful markings, and interesting behavior, they can become a focal point of admiration in your aquatic setup. By providing them with a well-planted tank, suitable tank mates, and a varied diet, African butterfly cichlids can thrive and bring beauty to your aquarium while adding a touch of West African charm.