The Inca Stone Cichlid, scientifically known as Tahuantinsuyoa macantzatza, is a rare and beautifully marked species of cichlid native to Peru, specifically found in the Ucayali and Marañon River basins. Named after the Inca Empire, often referred to as Tahuantinsuyu, this cichlid is cherished among dedicated aquarists for its striking appearance and interesting behaviors.

Tahuantinsuyoa macantzatza typically exhibits a robust body with a somewhat elongated profile. The coloration of this cichlid is particularly striking, featuring a base color of golden brown interspersed with darker vertical bars that can become more pronounced during breeding or when the fish is displaying. The scales often have a shimmering quality, and the fins are usually tipped with vibrant hues that can range from blue to red, adding to its overall appeal.

In the aquarium, Inca Stone Cichlids require a specific setup that closely mimics their natural riverine habitat. This includes a tank with plenty of space as these fish can grow to a substantial size. The aquarium should be equipped with various hiding places made from rocks, wood, and dense vegetation to provide shelter and territory, which are essential to reduce stress and aggression, especially during breeding periods.

Water quality is crucial for maintaining the health of Tahuantinsuyoa macantzatza. The water should be clean, well-oxygenated, and have a moderate to slightly soft hardness with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. Regular water changes and efficient filtration are necessary to maintain these conditions and prevent the buildup of harmful toxins.

The diet of the Inca Stone Cichlid should be varied and rich in nutrients. In the wild, these cichlids are omnivorous, consuming a mix of plant matter and small animals. In captivity, their diet should include high-quality cichlid pellets or flakes, supplemented with live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp, bloodworms, and chopped earthworms. Vegetable matter should also be included regularly to ensure a balanced diet.

Breeding Tahuantinsuyoa macantzatza can be challenging but rewarding. They are substrate spawners, typically laying their eggs on flat rocks or in caves. Both parents exhibit a high degree of parental care, guarding the eggs and fry vigorously. To encourage breeding, provide an environment with optimal water conditions and minimal stress.

Conservation is important for the Inca Stone Cichlid, as its natural habitats are threatened by pollution, habitat destruction, and hydroelectric projects. Sustainable practices in the aquarium trade and efforts to conserve their natural environments are crucial to ensuring the survival of this unique species.

Overall, the Inca Stone Cichlid is a fascinating and attractive fish for the more experienced aquarist, offering both a visual and behavioral spectacle. Their care requires attention to detail, making them best suited for those who can provide the necessary environment and dietary needs.