Neolamprologus cylindricus, commonly referred to as Lamp Cylindricus, is an intriguing species of cichlid from Lake Tanganyika in East Africa. This fish is favored for its unique cylindrical body shape and relatively peaceful temperament, making it a suitable candidate for a community tank of Tanganyikan cichlids.

The body of Neolamprologus cylindricus is elongated and laterally compressed, which gives it a cylindrical appearance. It generally displays a coloration of light brown to beige, often with darker vertical bars that can become more pronounced depending on the fish's mood and environment. The fins are typically lighter, sometimes with a hint of blue or yellow, especially during spawning or when the fish is displaying.

In terms of aquarium care, Neolamprologus cylindricus requires an environment that mimics the rocky habitats of Lake Tanganyika. The aquarium setup should include plenty of rocks and caves to provide ample hiding spots and territories, essential for reducing stress and aggression. This species is known for digging in the substrate, so a sandy bottom is recommended to prevent injury to the fish as it sifts through the sand.

Water quality is crucial, as with all Lake Tanganyikan species, with a need for high pH and hardness. The water should be clean and well-oxygenated with moderate to low current. Regular maintenance, including water changes and efficient filtration, is necessary to maintain these conditions and ensure the health of the fish.

The diet of Neolamprologus cylindricus should be varied and primarily carnivorous. It typically includes high-quality cichlid pellets or flakes, supplemented with live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp, daphnia, and bloodworms. This diet not only supports their nutritional needs but also encourages natural foraging behaviors.

Breeding Neolamprologus cylindricus can be relatively straightforward under the right conditions. They are substrate spawners and usually lay their eggs in caves or crevices. The female tends to the eggs while the male guards the territory. To encourage breeding, provide an stress-free environment with plenty of suitable spawning sites.

Conservation efforts are important for maintaining the natural populations of Neolamprologus cylindricus, as Lake Tanganyika is subject to environmental pressures that could impact the habitat and biodiversity of the lake. Sustainable practices in the aquarium trade are crucial to help reduce the demand on wild populations.

Overall, Neolamprologus cylindricus is an excellent choice for aquarists looking to explore the diversity of Tanganyikan cichlids. Its distinct body shape, relatively peaceful nature, and interesting behaviors make it a fascinating addition to any suitable cichlid tank.