Neolamprologus buescheri is a captivating species of cichlid native to Lake Tanganyika, named after the ichthyologist Horst Büscher. It is prized in the aquarium trade for its slim, elongated body and coloration that ranges from pale sandy to blue or grey, often featuring vertical bars that become prominent during breeding or when displaying territorial behaviors. The fins may show subtle hues of blue or yellow depending on the variant and environmental conditions.

In captivity, Neolamprologus buescheri thrives in an environment that closely mimics the rocky, mineral-rich underwater landscapes of their natural habitat. The tank should be arranged with numerous rocks and caves to provide necessary hiding spots and to help these fish establish territories, reducing stress and aggression. A sandy substrate is preferred to accommodate their natural digging behaviors.

The water should be kept clean and well-oxygenated, with conditions that reflect the lake's natural alkalinity. Regular water changes and efficient filtration are critical to maintain a stable and clean environment. Neolamprologus buescheri's diet should consist primarily of high-quality cichlid pellets or flakes supplemented with live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp, daphnia, or bloodworms to keep them healthy and enhance their colors.

Breeding Neolamprologus buescheri can be rewarding as they are substrate spawners, typically laying their eggs in caves or under rocks. The male usually guards the territory while the female takes care of the eggs and fry. Providing an optimal environment with minimal stress is crucial for encouraging breeding behaviors.

While Neolamprologus buescheri is not currently listed as endangered, like many Lake Tanganyika cichlids, it could be susceptible to environmental changes and human activity. Sustainable practices in the aquarium trade are essential to ensure that their populations remain stable and not threatened by overcollection.

Overall, Neolamprologus buescheri offers a fascinating glimpse into the world of Tanganyikan cichlids, suitable for aquarists who appreciate the nuanced behaviors and care of these unique fish. Its relatively peaceful nature and beautiful appearance make it a valuable addition to suitable home aquariums.