The Saddled Bichir, Polypterus endlicheri endlicheri, is a remarkable species of freshwater fish, belonging to the ancient family Polypteridae, which has existed for millions of years, making them a living link to the distant past. Native to various freshwater habitats across West and Central Africa, including rivers, lakes, and floodplains, Saddled Bichirs are notable for their prehistoric appearance, elongated bodies, and unique adaptation features that allow them to thrive in diverse environmental conditions.

Saddled Bichirs have a series of dark, saddle-like markings across their backs, which contribute to their common name. Their bodies are elongated and covered in ganoid scales, giving them a distinctly armored appearance. They possess a series of dorsal finlets, which run along their back, rather than a single continuous fin, adding to their primitive fish profile. Another notable feature is their lung-like swim bladder, which allows them to gulp air from the surface and survive in oxygen-poor waters.

In captivity, Saddled Bichirs require a spacious aquarium to accommodate their potential size and to provide ample swimming space. The tank setup should mimic their natural habitat, with a soft substrate, hiding places such as rocks and driftwood, and areas of dense vegetation. Despite their size and predatory nature, they are generally peaceful with other large fish species that cannot be easily swallowed. However, smaller fish may be at risk of being preyed upon.

The diet of Saddled Bichirs in captivity should be varied and rich in protein. It can include live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and pieces of fish or meat, as well as high-quality commercial pellets designed for carnivorous species. Their feeding habits are nocturnal, so feeding them in the evening or at night is optimal.

Breeding Saddled Bichirs in captivity is a rare and complex process, not often undertaken by casual aquarists. It requires specific conditions, such as a large breeding tank and carefully controlled water parameters, to mimic the natural triggers for spawning. In the wild, breeding is closely linked to the rainy season, which increases water levels and triggers reproductive behaviors.

Saddled Bichirs are known for their ability to breathe atmospheric air due to their modified swim bladder, which functions similarly to a lung. This adaptation allows them to survive in conditions where other fish might perish, such as during periods of drought or in stagnant waters. However, this ability also means they can survive out of water for short periods, provided they remain moist, making a secure tank lid essential to prevent escapes.

The care of Saddled Bichirs in captivity underscores the importance of understanding their unique needs and behaviors. For enthusiasts willing to provide the appropriate care and environment, Saddled Bichirs can be a fascinating addition to a home aquarium, offering a glimpse into the ancient lineage of fish that have remained largely unchanged for millions of years.