The Zebra Pleco, scientifically known as Hypancistrus zebra and often referred to by its L-number, L046, is a highly coveted species in the aquarium trade due to its striking appearance and relatively peaceful nature. This small, bottom-dwelling fish is native to the fast-flowing, oxygen-rich waters of the Xingu River, a tributary of the Amazon River in Brazil. The Zebra Pleco's distinctive black and white stripes, which run vertically across its body, resemble the pattern of a zebra, hence its common name.

Zebra Plecos are relatively small compared to many other plecostomus species, making them suitable for a variety of aquarium sizes, provided their specific care requirements are met. They thrive in environments that closely mimic their natural habitat, which includes warm water, a moderate to strong current, and high levels of dissolved oxygen. The aquarium should be well-equipped with a variety of hiding places such as caves, rocks, and driftwood to provide shelter and replicate the crevices they would inhabit in the wild.

One of the unique aspects of the Zebra Pleco is its diet. Unlike many other plecostomus species that are primarily herbivorous, the Zebra Pleco has a preference for a more carnivorous diet. In the aquarium, they should be provided with a variety of high-quality, protein-rich foods such as frozen or live bloodworms, brine shrimp, and sinking pellets formulated for carnivorous fish. Despite their carnivorous leanings, they will also graze on algae and biofilm in the aquarium, contributing to tank cleanliness.

Breeding Zebra Plecos in captivity is a notable achievement, as they have specific requirements for successful spawning. Breeders often use caves or PVC pipes as potential spawning sites and adjust water parameters to mimic the natural conditions that stimulate breeding behavior, such as simulating the onset of the rainy season in their native habitat. The male Zebra Pleco guards the eggs, which are laid in the seclusion of the cave, until they hatch and the fry emerge.

The conservation status of the Zebra Pleco is of concern due to habitat destruction caused by the construction of hydroelectric dams in the Xingu River, which has led to a decrease in their natural population. Additionally, their popularity in the aquarium trade has resulted in overcollection from the wild. As a result, there are restrictions on exporting wild-caught specimens from Brazil, making captive-bred individuals more valuable and sought-after by aquarists.

Due to their specific care requirements, peaceful disposition, and stunning appearance, Zebra Plecos are best suited for aquarists who are willing to provide the specialized environment and diet they need to thrive. Their unique beauty and interesting behaviors make them a jewel in the aquarium, but their care and conservation status also underscore the importance of responsible fishkeeping and support for sustainable practices in the hobby.